Basil (Ocimum basilicum)

By / May 21, 2025
Basil ChatGPT Image May 21, 2025, 11_50_20 AM

BASIL

#1 Common Name: Sweet Basil

#2 Scientific Name: Ocimum basilicum

#3 Family: Lamiaceae

#4 Origin: Native to tropical Asia, particularly India and Southeast Asia.

#5 Zone Hardiness: USDA Zones 10–11; grown as an annual in cooler climates.

#6 Light Requirements: Full sun; requires at least 6–8 hours of direct sunlight daily.

#7 Water Needs: Moderate; prefers moist, well-drained soil. Water deeply once a week outdoors; indoor plants may require watering every 2–4 days.

#8 Soil Preferences: Thrives in well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 5.5 and 6.5.

#9 "Ponics" Compatibility:
• Aquaponics: Very compatible
• Aeroponics: Very compatible
• Hydroponics: Very compatible
• Preferred Method: Deep Water Culture (DWC), Nutrient Film Technique (NFT), and media beds using substrates like rockwool, coco coir, or perlite.

#10 Growth Habit: Herbaceous annual in temperate zones; perennial in tropical climates. Upright, bushy growth habit.

#11 Height & Spread: Typically grows 12–36 inches (30–90 cm) tall and 12–24 inches (30–60 cm) wide, depending on variety and conditions.

#12 Time from Germination to Harvest: Germinates in 5–10 days; ready for harvest within 3–4 weeks.

#13 Flowering Time: Blooms from June to frost; flowers are magenta and fragrant.

#14 Edible Parts: Leaves and flowers are edible; commonly used fresh or dried in culinary applications.

#15 Medicinal Uses: Traditionally used to treat digestive issues, colds, and skin conditions. Exhibits anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

#16 Companion Plants: Pairs well with tomatoes, peppers, oregano, parsley, chamomile, and marigolds; helps repel pests and enhance flavor.

#17 Pest & Disease Resistance: Susceptible to downy mildew; resistant varieties like 'Amazel Basil®' and 'Devotion' offer improved resistance.

#18 Harvest Time: Begin harvesting when plants are 6–8 inches tall; harvest in the early morning for best flavor. Store by drying, freezing, or in low-oxygen environments to extend shelf life.

#19 Propagation Methods: Propagated by seeds, cuttings, or division. Seeds germinate in 5–10 days; cuttings root easily in water or soil.

#20 Sustainability Features: Attracts pollinators; its aromatic properties can deter certain pests, contributing to integrated pest management.

#21 Culinary Uses: Essential in Italian and Southeast Asian cuisines; used in pesto, salads, teas, and as a garnish.

#22 Fun Fact: Basil's essential oils vary by region, leading to diverse flavor profiles among cultivars.

Genovese Basil (Ocimum basilicum 'Genovese')

  • Flavor Profile: Sweet, slightly peppery, and aromatic.

  • Culinary Uses: Traditional choice for Italian dishes like pesto, Caprese salad, and tomato-based sauces.

  • Notes: Recognized for its large, tender leaves and is the classic basil variety in Mediterranean cuisine.

Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum)

  • Flavor Profile: Mild and sweet with hints of clove.

  • Culinary Uses: Versatile; used in a variety of dishes including salads, pastas, and herbal teas.

  • Notes: Most common basil variety; forms the base for many culinary applications.

Thai Basil (Ocimum basilicum var. thyrsiflora)

  • Flavor Profile: Spicy, licorice-like, and slightly sweet.

  • Culinary Uses: Essential in Southeast Asian cuisines; used in stir-fries, curries, and soups.

  • Notes: Distinctive purple stems and flowers; retains flavor well during cooking.

Lemon Basil (Ocimum × citriodorum)

  • Flavor Profile: Bright citrus aroma with a lemony flavor.

  • Culinary Uses: Enhances seafood dishes, salads, and teas.

  • Notes: Popular in Indonesian and Thai cuisines for its refreshing taste.

Cinnamon Basil (Ocimum basilicum 'Cinnamon')

  • Flavor Profile: Warm, spicy flavor reminiscent of cinnamon.

  • Culinary Uses: Used in teas, baked goods, and Mexican dishes.

  • Notes: Features purple stems and pink flowers; adds a unique twist to sweet and savory recipes.

Purple Basil (Ocimum basilicum 'Purpurascens')

  • Flavor Profile: Mild with a clove-like undertone.

  • Culinary Uses: Adds color and flavor to salads, vinegars, and garnishes.

  • Notes: Known for its striking deep purple leaves; ornamental and edible.

Holy Basil (Ocimum tenuiflorum)

  • Flavor Profile: Peppery and clove-like with a hint of bitterness.

  • Culinary Uses: Used in teas and traditional Indian dishes.

  • Notes: Revered in Ayurvedic medicine; known as Tulsi in India.

Greek Basil (Ocimum basilicum 'Greek')

  • Flavor Profile: Intense and slightly peppery.

  • Culinary Uses: Ideal for garnishing and flavoring Mediterranean dishes.

  • Notes: Compact growth with small leaves; suitable for container gardening.

Spicy Globe Basil (Ocimum basilicum 'Spicy Globe')

  • Flavor Profile: Strong and spicy.

  • Culinary Uses: Perfect for seasoning meats, sauces, and soups.

  • Notes: Forms a small, bushy plant; great for limited spaces.

Dark Opal Basil (Ocimum basilicum 'Dark Opal')

  • Flavor Profile: Similar to sweet basil with a slightly stronger flavor.

  • Culinary Uses: Used in salads, vinegars, and as a garnish.

  • Notes: Developed in the 1950s; notable for its dark purple leaves and ornamental appeal.

Lettuce Leaf Basil (Ocimum basilicum 'Lettuce Leaf')

  • Flavor Profile: Mild and sweet.

  • Culinary Uses: Ideal for salads and wraps due to its large, tender leaves.

  • Notes: Leaves can be as large as lettuce; adds texture and flavor to dishes.

African Blue Basil (Ocimum kilimandscharicum × basilicum)

  • Flavor Profile: Camphor-like with a hint of spice.

  • Culinary Uses: More ornamental; occasionally used in teas and as a garnish.

  • Notes: Sterile hybrid; attracts pollinators and adds visual interest to gardens.

Pesto Perpetuo Basil (Ocimum × citriodorum 'Pesto Perpetuo')

  • Flavor Profile: Mild and sweet.

  • Culinary Uses: Excellent for pesto and fresh dishes.

  • Notes: Variegated leaves with creamy white edges; does not flower, ensuring prolonged leaf production.

Each basil variety offers unique flavors and uses, making them valuable additions to various culinary traditions.


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